Matches in Nanopublications for { ?s <http://purl.org/dc/terms/description> ?o ?g. }
- NP119394.RAVVBOl2UbwghawGgMaE4lQHR6eVqC4wahDbis_afF1n8130_assertion description "[Differential transcription occurring early in atopic dermatitis skin was indicated for CCL18, CCL13, IFNalpha2, PPARalpha and PPARgamma.]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119394.RAVVBOl2UbwghawGgMaE4lQHR6eVqC4wahDbis_afF1n8130_provenance.
- NP119408.RAXXL78Bhe7yV71UDOVI6qdzMFZdD9ZXaZMrZgF6X0w5E130_assertion description "[IL13 was not associated with childhood eczema/SNP in GATA3 is associated with atopic eczema/finding highlights the importance of GATA3 as an immune-modulating gene in atopic eczema.]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119408.RAXXL78Bhe7yV71UDOVI6qdzMFZdD9ZXaZMrZgF6X0w5E130_provenance.
- NP119409.RAb0fus_5a30Gw3YfMO7paagTjj2FgWtFFYUDMjWy9-Mc130_assertion description "[IL12B SNP is associated with susceptibility to atopic dermatitis and psoriasis vulgaris, presumably by affecting the Th1/Th2 balance.]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119409.RAb0fus_5a30Gw3YfMO7paagTjj2FgWtFFYUDMjWy9-Mc130_provenance.
- NP119410.RATTqFkgHmHiK36Ot0hduz1vwGfNMrQ7UkEUE2LUrQeZw130_assertion description "[IL5 gene may play a role in blood eosinophilia associated with atopic dermatitis ]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119410.RATTqFkgHmHiK36Ot0hduz1vwGfNMrQ7UkEUE2LUrQeZw130_provenance.
- NP119415.RASEqmhPFJRLJTxEdj5-HqSmrgMkBc8JCfuDPtVz5uRvQ130_assertion description "[Substance P plasma level in atopic dermatitis patients during exacerbation and remission was significantly higher than in the control group.]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119415.RASEqmhPFJRLJTxEdj5-HqSmrgMkBc8JCfuDPtVz5uRvQ130_provenance.
- NP119417.RAS7UcxYr3UR4LqHoRr0nxK8WsxJO0M53btkMYEl-tveA130_assertion description "[We present novel data that BDNF is downregulated in lesional mast cells in atopic dermatitis.]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119417.RAS7UcxYr3UR4LqHoRr0nxK8WsxJO0M53btkMYEl-tveA130_provenance.
- NP119420.RAY9n0qGpg9n01NxPsXECSRFCfjhMCJFvTNLcRxTsZt9s130_assertion description "[The -26999A allele of ST2 is correlated with an increased risk for atopic dermatitis.]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119420.RAY9n0qGpg9n01NxPsXECSRFCfjhMCJFvTNLcRxTsZt9s130_provenance.
- NP119422.RAf-2qelWbMHFdsxqQhJNrLwqNNYES9fO42v-mB3j_g_I130_assertion description "[There was an increase in the epidermal fraction of 5-hydroxtrytamine 1A (5-HT1A) receptor and serotonin transporter protein (SERT) immunoreactivity in the involved skin in patients with atopic dermatitis.]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119422.RAf-2qelWbMHFdsxqQhJNrLwqNNYES9fO42v-mB3j_g_I130_provenance.
- NP119424.RAUf3VIPd4YgXg2K0lWvtCwYaz6Hzr9Zg7p05tQ-IqAIk130_assertion description "[study in children and adults with atopic dermatitis found that an association with SPINK5 E420K SNP was not confirmed/, this was associated with high IgE serum levels (p = 0.011).]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119424.RAUf3VIPd4YgXg2K0lWvtCwYaz6Hzr9Zg7p05tQ-IqAIk130_provenance.
- NP119425.RAT4tLsWgQxRiu2XgimMOVBv0gUB7k2iyvYrFUFFvsvXw130_assertion description "[TGF-beta1 inhibited IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha-induced TARC production in HaCaT cells via Smad2/3/of TGF-beta/Smad signaling pathway may be beneficial for treatment of atopic dermatitis.]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119425.RAT4tLsWgQxRiu2XgimMOVBv0gUB7k2iyvYrFUFFvsvXw130_provenance.
- NP119429.RASw6swSU6LsKlbCQ0nI2BF1cdVXFrO08fAaGNhNMLAM8130_assertion description "[caspase-3 cleavage in the spinous layer of the epidermis is a pathologic event contributing to spongiosis formation in acute atopic dermatitis ]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119429.RASw6swSU6LsKlbCQ0nI2BF1cdVXFrO08fAaGNhNMLAM8130_provenance.
- NP119432.RARRaIDsbojty67dFIIwD-pM9XWKMki__1Do1eVwpMYgQ130_assertion description "[Association of a new-type prostaglandin D2 receptor CRTH2 with circulating T helper 2 cells in patients with atopic dermatitis.]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119432.RARRaIDsbojty67dFIIwD-pM9XWKMki__1Do1eVwpMYgQ130_provenance.
- NP119435.RAd3l0RiW-momnTCHalsgaULsKZ--hFBO6e54zIjQHhNA130_assertion description "[epidermal caspase-3 cleavage correlated with the numbers of dermal interferon-gamma expressing CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes in skin lesions of acute atopic dermatitis ]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119435.RAd3l0RiW-momnTCHalsgaULsKZ--hFBO6e54zIjQHhNA130_provenance.
- NP119445.RARBUdsrJ5ewYwgVHJaOsitNIe0rOxDRQRAAFlCw9n1KY130_assertion description "[IMD expressed by pericytes in has a role in susceptibility of the skin of atopic dermatitis patients to inflammatory stimuli ]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119445.RARBUdsrJ5ewYwgVHJaOsitNIe0rOxDRQRAAFlCw9n1KY130_provenance.
- NP119450.RAaqSLfiQ2ETpllvBIQ_646zbZT100LDSaiGgDqrPXG5c130_assertion description "[A SNP in GATA3 is associated with atopic eczema/finding highlights the importance of GATA3 as an immune-modulating gene in atopic eczema.]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119450.RAaqSLfiQ2ETpllvBIQ_646zbZT100LDSaiGgDqrPXG5c130_provenance.
- NP119451.RARIJVx4gS-etWUznC9fwr0fzsqKeSAYc95rbDFm2r0us130_assertion description "[several inflammatory cytokines (T helper 1 and 2) and vasoactive intestinal peptide from mast cells and nerve endings are capable of inducing stem cell factor production from epidermal keratinocytes in atopic dermatitis.]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119451.RARIJVx4gS-etWUznC9fwr0fzsqKeSAYc95rbDFm2r0us130_provenance.
- NP119453.RASDdyjddv1yWUksFBPZt5VOJWJk3ZBSRB2TgpHTojelE130_assertion description "[Collectively, these data suggest a link between the inducible phenotype of CCL23 expression in monocytes by the prototype Th2 molecule pair IL-4/STAT6 and the increased number of CCL23-expressing cells in skin of atopic dermatitis patients.]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119453.RASDdyjddv1yWUksFBPZt5VOJWJk3ZBSRB2TgpHTojelE130_provenance.
- NP119456.RAaD_8NDGAGb2_h5WeZYsVjr5HTWMrbCtqsSlR0vKpSYg130_assertion description "[As compared to healthy controls, skin of patients with mycosis fungoides (non-lesional and lesional) and atopic dermatitis patients showed significantly lower hBD-1 mRNA expression and significantly higher hBD-2 and hBD-3 mRNA expression.]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119456.RAaD_8NDGAGb2_h5WeZYsVjr5HTWMrbCtqsSlR0vKpSYg130_provenance.
- NP119464.RAS9eMqexWN_O3DZc9vIzc70tw8EZldMrmDXLnLHxyZ4k130_assertion description "[There are two novel filaggrin nonsense mutations in Japanese patients with atopic dermatitis.]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119464.RAS9eMqexWN_O3DZc9vIzc70tw8EZldMrmDXLnLHxyZ4k130_provenance.
- NP119465.RAcUHPV9YJ6Yyq9QUtOpxT0xVNgty_jLsn95-ZA5Q3qrY130_assertion description "[Filaggrin null mutations are significantly associated with mild-to-moderate atopic eczema in childhood, with a recessive pattern of inheritance.]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119465.RAcUHPV9YJ6Yyq9QUtOpxT0xVNgty_jLsn95-ZA5Q3qrY130_provenance.
- NP119473.RATuFWRZx-QTdTm-vPDlN3h_KZDTzGc_Y6kJviMvTO_Rg130_assertion description "[review of recent advances in understanding of how filaggrin might influence the environmental-immune interface, impacting atopic dermatitis disease penetrance, severity and trajectory [review]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119473.RATuFWRZx-QTdTm-vPDlN3h_KZDTzGc_Y6kJviMvTO_Rg130_provenance.
- NP119485.RAbOU0wfAVPxxvTdRSJDStEL-bqfttSiGpTqXHzbQETio130_assertion description "[S100/A11 and p21 gene expression was also found to be significantly lower in acute and chronic atopic dermatitis skin.]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119485.RAbOU0wfAVPxxvTdRSJDStEL-bqfttSiGpTqXHzbQETio130_provenance.
- NP119488.RAblCWrHYYI-Tw6C9CDBncX0YHt1l2vPs4CWGtldIVsEk130_assertion description "[serum IL-31 levels were significantly higher in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) compared with control subjects; findings provide evidence that IL-31 has a role in AD pathophysiology with regard to pruritus and skin inflammation ]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119488.RAblCWrHYYI-Tw6C9CDBncX0YHt1l2vPs4CWGtldIVsEk130_provenance.
- NP119489.RAS2Juxu4_tzHj14X5OKh5XvbcJfzwdlV3IQM9y-0zsXU130_assertion description "[Reduced expression of dermcidin in sweat of patients with atopic dermatitis may contribute to the high susceptibility of these patients to skin infections and altered skin colonization with Staphylococcus aureus.]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119489.RAS2Juxu4_tzHj14X5OKh5XvbcJfzwdlV3IQM9y-0zsXU130_provenance.
- NP119491.RAeYruRLC_1SAEjW7Cb6nz0OSidVQncFvznF9rPAr5Ssc130_assertion description "[interleukin-16 production is impaired in monocyte-derived dendritic cells from atopic dermatitis patients but is restored by inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-1beta ]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119491.RAeYruRLC_1SAEjW7Cb6nz0OSidVQncFvznF9rPAr5Ssc130_provenance.
- NP119492.RAWys_372B53h8l8cL-drS7i9olSOrgv7w_b4SOQhEiak130_assertion description "[the TLR9 promoter polymorphism C-1237T might affect atopic eczema susceptibility in particular in patients with the intrinsic variant of AE ]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119492.RAWys_372B53h8l8cL-drS7i9olSOrgv7w_b4SOQhEiak130_provenance.
- NP119496.RAcc4hh-ub40CvjM9yLOTtyPESozshzK6WXFGsQyu74Gk130_assertion description "[TGF-beta1 inhibited IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha-induced TARC production in HaCaT cells via Smad2/3/of TGF-beta/Smad signaling pathway may be beneficial for treatment of atopic dermatitis.]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119496.RAcc4hh-ub40CvjM9yLOTtyPESozshzK6WXFGsQyu74Gk130_provenance.
- NP119510.RASAITXqRuJ230aNOlgf_z0bALknm8Hros-Plb-BU-cK8130_assertion description "[The AACC insertion in the SCCE gene may result in a change to SCCE activity within the skin barrier so SCCE could have an important role in the development of atopic dermatitis.]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119510.RASAITXqRuJ230aNOlgf_z0bALknm8Hros-Plb-BU-cK8130_provenance.
- NP119511.RAT4SdkUtHW3ySy2ml2IgEDdQ15yYOyp2bGHqrm6KeR_0130_assertion description "[The 927T > C CYSLTR1 SNP was analyzed by direct sequencing after PCR amplification in childres with asthma and atopic dermatitis.]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119511.RAT4SdkUtHW3ySy2ml2IgEDdQ15yYOyp2bGHqrm6KeR_0130_provenance.
- NP119516.RAa4qIeLANcX5x_unMlyqm26mlAq0fExO-KZY-7lFiv1g130_assertion description "[These data suggest that the CCL22 level produced by monocyte derived dendritic cells thus reflects the disease activity of Atopic dermatitis (AD) and it may also play an important role regarding the production of CCL22 in the pathogenesis of AD.]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119516.RAa4qIeLANcX5x_unMlyqm26mlAq0fExO-KZY-7lFiv1g130_provenance.
- NP119520.RAelskrR991r0GzXlEj4t_jCGLJNpps7om2U2-UNgD4zE130_assertion description "[the antimicrobial protein psoriasin (S100A7) is upregulated in atopic dermatitis and after experimental skin barrier disruption ]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119520.RAelskrR991r0GzXlEj4t_jCGLJNpps7om2U2-UNgD4zE130_provenance.
- NP119526.RAXdngkjv5QMj2FVhruBMGB-uw0tdCCcvtpOsBs2Q4TLg130_assertion description "[The percentage of positive cells for TKTL1 and p-Akt was significantly correlated in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and other astrocytic gliomas (AGs, grades II and III).]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119526.RAXdngkjv5QMj2FVhruBMGB-uw0tdCCcvtpOsBs2Q4TLg130_provenance.
- NP119540.RASM6lXhlO0jxEGSv7JdHkK5QBDW1Zdh7juEv8BVItNiI130_assertion description "[These results demonstrate for the first time that ADAMTS-5 is capable of degrading brevican and is overexpressed in glioblastoma cells, and suggest that ADAMTS-5 may play a role in glioma cell invasion through the cleavage of brevican.]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119540.RASM6lXhlO0jxEGSv7JdHkK5QBDW1Zdh7juEv8BVItNiI130_provenance.
- NP119541.RAUPLohda44A9J0wyjkaH17uci3KfF-91pdRSoL9YAIIw130_assertion description "[this study define the expression pattern of EphA2 in both primary and recurrent glioblastoma and suggest an important role of EphA2 in the pathogenesis of GBM.]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119541.RAUPLohda44A9J0wyjkaH17uci3KfF-91pdRSoL9YAIIw130_provenance.
- NP119545.RAb8rJWSiKdZTpzcUaLvvoRfjByy-uGMMknRVCc9M_dXE130_assertion description "[Stimulating human glioblastoma cells with recombinant HGF induces biologically relevant EGFR activation.]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119545.RAb8rJWSiKdZTpzcUaLvvoRfjByy-uGMMknRVCc9M_dXE130_provenance.
- NP119547.RAegEtZPp0OMW6znRz_48FbIKjTJl75zOvZ1d4I1p3TcI130_assertion description "[PMA transactivates the EGFR and increases cell proliferation by activating the PKCdelta/c-Src pathway in glioblastoma cells ]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119547.RAegEtZPp0OMW6znRz_48FbIKjTJl75zOvZ1d4I1p3TcI130_provenance.
- NP119549.RAT-oJNasocRA79uaiF6ICPE4ioUnwO4KbCwwxhMm2J9Q130_assertion description "[the inhibition of EGFR and mTOR has distinct as well as common signaling consequences in glioblastoma multiforme cells ]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119549.RAT-oJNasocRA79uaiF6ICPE4ioUnwO4KbCwwxhMm2J9Q130_provenance.
- NP119558.RAa-qpr3QsVM6jr5nr83nC-zcQ7jbWCoC61zYb_ExM510130_assertion description "[Intratumoral variation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression in glioblastoma multiforme was examined, and radionuclide labelled substances that bind specifically to EGFR were considered for intracavitary therapy.]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119558.RAa-qpr3QsVM6jr5nr83nC-zcQ7jbWCoC61zYb_ExM510130_provenance.
- NP119559.RAb4nt5P_vPlwgorZl_eI0Tzb67dQi-udefCoGhTxozbw130_assertion description "[Results suggest extracellular missense mutations as a novel mechanism for oncogenic EGFR activation and may help identify patients who can benefit from EGFR kinase inhibitors for treatment of glioblastoma.]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119559.RAb4nt5P_vPlwgorZl_eI0Tzb67dQi-udefCoGhTxozbw130_provenance.
- NP119560.RAWVosduFIRoir7njBcUTN4p7dJh1b4aCFyFuODeYtkxA130_assertion description "[We report the histological and genetic study of two glioblastomas, one case arising de novo and the other case arising 3 years after a previously diagnosed anaplastic astrocytoma, with concurrent EGFR amplification and TP-53 mutation ]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119560.RAWVosduFIRoir7njBcUTN4p7dJh1b4aCFyFuODeYtkxA130_provenance.
- NP119568.RAap0KFOT7o3LGdHuugYoNhhrfODIEvU8H2w2HLt32tLw130_assertion description "[p53 protein expression in vivo does not correlate with the outcome of patients with primary in primary glioblastoma.]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119568.RAap0KFOT7o3LGdHuugYoNhhrfODIEvU8H2w2HLt32tLw130_provenance.
- NP119573.RAaAWuV_HiYmirVZ5GYBhHoDDt91gxu8P12t4LWNszERs130_assertion description "[alphaB-crystallin is a Bcl2L12-induced oncoprotein that enables Bcl2L12 to block the activation of both effector caspases via distinct mechanisms, thereby contributing to Glioblastoma multiforme pathogenesis and its hallmark biological properties.]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119573.RAaAWuV_HiYmirVZ5GYBhHoDDt91gxu8P12t4LWNszERs130_provenance.
- NP119574.RAbXa52sTcexsDYpx53t91xearm7UijSITiGKmVZvvBGY130_assertion description "[the MTHFR c.677C > T variant is a risk factor for survival in glioblastoma multiforme patients.]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119574.RAbXa52sTcexsDYpx53t91xearm7UijSITiGKmVZvvBGY130_provenance.
- NP119575.RAWF5SW-dMSBcYw3c7lZm2c78IGP6Kwechu-FwqxupgoE130_assertion description "[Atypical meningioma showed TP53 mutations and a 22q loss of heterozygosity (LOH), while glioblastoma showed epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) amplification and TP53 mutations.]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119575.RAWF5SW-dMSBcYw3c7lZm2c78IGP6Kwechu-FwqxupgoE130_provenance.
- NP119576.RASaXfoZ-JEsFn3YrhApeGdHv4H6btMPfPbCBqZXblWec130_assertion description "[A TP53 single nucleotide polymorphism is critical for oncogenesis of glioblastoma in young patients.]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119576.RASaXfoZ-JEsFn3YrhApeGdHv4H6btMPfPbCBqZXblWec130_provenance.
- NP119582.RAeeQr1hPhiTSgoq9cFyWlCYnQVm2PfRg2t9mXTL6ULsk130_assertion description "[ASPM inhibition by siRNA-mediated knockdown inhibits tumor cell proliferation and neural stem cell proliferation, supporting ASPM as a potential molecular target in glioblastoma ]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119582.RAeeQr1hPhiTSgoq9cFyWlCYnQVm2PfRg2t9mXTL6ULsk130_provenance.
- NP119588.RAQx8bGYCsE4bJ-CIaxr5qKomJsAAp72XLb0obXeLaTL4130_assertion description "[stable inhibition of galectin-1 expression alters the expression of a number of genes that either directly or indirectly influence adhesion, motility and invasion of human glioblastoma cells.]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119588.RAQx8bGYCsE4bJ-CIaxr5qKomJsAAp72XLb0obXeLaTL4130_provenance.
- NP119593.RAeN6xzgmPudWo4x0SHUx81fhFRCTQ6XqgncwVGxBU6JQ130_assertion description "[Report a correlation between expression of CD133 and drug resistance in glioblastomas.]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119593.RAeN6xzgmPudWo4x0SHUx81fhFRCTQ6XqgncwVGxBU6JQ130_provenance.
- NP119595.RARnBQGnehuEfSvoTdQevNQRqE-4xIQaD3lH10g7nM9Io130_assertion description "[The higher expressions of p-p70S6K was associated with worse outcome in glioblastoma.]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119595.RARnBQGnehuEfSvoTdQevNQRqE-4xIQaD3lH10g7nM9Io130_provenance.
- NP119598.RAYaXp9x9R6gWKRd755LANth5EOOiZSjwdvnB529lGR6A130_assertion description "[GLTSCR2 expression is down-regulated in glioblastomas/sequencing analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization clearly demonstrates the presence of genetic alterations, such as a nonsense mutation and deletion, in the GLTSCR2 gene.]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119598.RAYaXp9x9R6gWKRd755LANth5EOOiZSjwdvnB529lGR6A130_provenance.
- NP119599.RAUAjBg3WnvnWVV0DLgFBIjzfpDs_wcAciu-s7dD0mCTY130_assertion description "[expression of TLR9 within human glioblastomas strengthens the rationale for the utilization of oligonucleotides containing CpG motifs in this disease ]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119599.RAUAjBg3WnvnWVV0DLgFBIjzfpDs_wcAciu-s7dD0mCTY130_provenance.
- NP119600.RAa4Wn48UB-MWSylDEFftKwMoL9JFL63Ss0kJdCOUl-vY130_assertion description "[MLF1IP was found in glioblastomas where it was co-localized with MLF1 and nestin/, it was elevated in the contralateral brain where no tumor cells occurred, suggesting a role in glioma pathogenesis and potentially in other types of malignancies.]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119600.RAa4Wn48UB-MWSylDEFftKwMoL9JFL63Ss0kJdCOUl-vY130_provenance.
- NP119604.RAQ0QBKpBmTY8YeRBioAJ2kXxItY6xthCpBEAoCfT8Tz4130_assertion description "[Galectin-1 was found to be negatively regulated by transfection with TP53 in a glioblastoma cell line.]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119604.RAQ0QBKpBmTY8YeRBioAJ2kXxItY6xthCpBEAoCfT8Tz4130_provenance.
- NP119606.RAU4iQTLwOGkhaKrcqKZrxqwKlJoouRgoGVmzI0w1B3co130_assertion description "[These results indicate that EphA4 plays an important role in malignant phenotypes of glioblastoma by enhancing cell proliferation and migration through accelerating a canonical FGFR signaling pathway.]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119606.RAU4iQTLwOGkhaKrcqKZrxqwKlJoouRgoGVmzI0w1B3co130_provenance.
- NP119608.RAdpLLIUG-IHq9zmTbyTflsXQbZc75cfkLSrog9Eis8TI130_assertion description "[ERK and JNK MAPK/Elk-1/Egr-1 signal cascade is required for p53-independent transcriptional activation of p21 (Waf1/Cip1) in response to curcumin in U-87MG human glioblastoma cells ]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119608.RAdpLLIUG-IHq9zmTbyTflsXQbZc75cfkLSrog9Eis8TI130_provenance.
- NP119620.RAVPk4M0UzCaNpg-1qOyAfQ6cw05Mkdr6Y2pwQ9rRbVd0130_assertion description "[Elevated PEA-15 levels provide a survival advantage for glioblastoma cells confronted with a poor microenvironment and low glucose levels.]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119620.RAVPk4M0UzCaNpg-1qOyAfQ6cw05Mkdr6Y2pwQ9rRbVd0130_provenance.
- NP119621.RAVpYhSrgHnANbnmUjKJRSpreu8azA-VbFD37OUfbQyW4130_assertion description "[significant difference in the expression of the beta (3) integrin subunit between primary glioblastomas compared with low-grade gliomas ]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119621.RAVpYhSrgHnANbnmUjKJRSpreu8azA-VbFD37OUfbQyW4130_provenance.
- NP119624.RAU1JJRgnPV4w9E9zLXGQqk8WFNf_vFC6h4EEY3mGXOEI130_assertion description "[mutational study of CITED4 in 24 glial tumors (22 primary glioblastomas, 1 low-grade astrocytoma & its recurrent secondary glioblastoma) ]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119624.RAU1JJRgnPV4w9E9zLXGQqk8WFNf_vFC6h4EEY3mGXOEI130_provenance.
- NP119626.RAU0lZOXuWxL_5a95jrqjhDAgLEiNs6ZmtW3lCSBM-TCo130_assertion description "[Hypermethylation of the pro-apoptotic CASP8 is a differential feature of glioblastoma multiforme relapses.]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119626.RAU0lZOXuWxL_5a95jrqjhDAgLEiNs6ZmtW3lCSBM-TCo130_provenance.
- NP119632.RAesUbTdlX-swcEWgFfEKKDLQgmB60USBD9CVl_WX0QwU130_assertion description "[Data show that Trio, Ect2, and Vav3 are expressed at higher levels in glioblastoma versus low-grade glioma, and are involved in tumor cell migration and invasion.]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119632.RAesUbTdlX-swcEWgFfEKKDLQgmB60USBD9CVl_WX0QwU130_provenance.
- NP119636.RATreYa1_DYEwu5NnD8ac7gyi1od2b5qrDB3LEn-HMhJM130_assertion description "[CD24 is modulated by IGFBP-2 and contributes to IGFBP-2-enhanced invasiveness of glioblastoma cells ]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119636.RATreYa1_DYEwu5NnD8ac7gyi1od2b5qrDB3LEn-HMhJM130_provenance.
- NP119640.RASr5PAj9M7AA45PDqf9epAkHvndRlsz2JNB7lXH0kc4k130_assertion description "[Inactivation of the MGMT gene by promoter methylation was associated with longer survival in glioblastoma patients in a phase II trial treated with temozolomide.]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119640.RASr5PAj9M7AA45PDqf9epAkHvndRlsz2JNB7lXH0kc4k130_provenance.
- NP119642.RAbgtD8Owj5bFXUjVnmaJjhdmS3a71YZX8RmmyHLKoYm0130_assertion description "[High incidence of MGMT promoter methylation in primary glioblastomas without correlation with TP53 gene mutations is reporterd.]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119642.RAbgtD8Owj5bFXUjVnmaJjhdmS3a71YZX8RmmyHLKoYm0130_provenance.
- NP119644.RAe5cQ0MSAkHAwyPwJ2XrjfUpfA89FTwaSyKNdWAHcS-c130_assertion description "[In glioblastoma multiforme, BNIP3 expression is increased but it remains sequestered in the nucleus in hypoxic regions, thereby blocking BNIP3's ability to associate with the mitochondria, providing tumor cells with a possible survival advantage ]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119644.RAe5cQ0MSAkHAwyPwJ2XrjfUpfA89FTwaSyKNdWAHcS-c130_provenance.
- NP119659.RAdCrEMBXDR0Kd7-iyn7KHniT91wDHHnK2S-ZopO1HOLY130_assertion description "[the results of this study showed a frameshift mutation with a deletion of C base at nucleotide 153 of exon 6 of the BAX gene in a cases of a glioblastoma multiform (WHO Grade IV) sample.]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119659.RAdCrEMBXDR0Kd7-iyn7KHniT91wDHHnK2S-ZopO1HOLY130_provenance.
- NP119672.RAf-jga4qZmNykrcc-QoBfZN8Jf03LEo_i19Pu8R2NgNI130_assertion description "[conclude that pleiotrophin (PTN) is a rate-limiting growth factor in glioblastoma ]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119672.RAf-jga4qZmNykrcc-QoBfZN8Jf03LEo_i19Pu8R2NgNI130_provenance.
- NP119676.RAS7pCuUSguJosATCwjkPnVy2PgqVd4kvYNx8E0b694RE130_assertion description "[AIM-2 antigen is expressed in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) in primary cultured cells and established GBM cell lines ]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119676.RAS7pCuUSguJosATCwjkPnVy2PgqVd4kvYNx8E0b694RE130_provenance.
- NP119677.RAZt-yoagBJgNnyRo45G0uwuXC0vrzrKUTvM4kN7Qzpts130_assertion description "[Report correlation between expression of MDR1 and drug resistance in glioblastomas.]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119677.RAZt-yoagBJgNnyRo45G0uwuXC0vrzrKUTvM4kN7Qzpts130_provenance.
- NP119685.RAetTrogv8V3Qde9Cc3TMQxl1MebzW6sWOItMYYJUW0oA130_assertion description "[Polymorphisms in the interleukin-4 receptor gene are associated with better survival in patients with glioblastoma ]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119685.RAetTrogv8V3Qde9Cc3TMQxl1MebzW6sWOItMYYJUW0oA130_provenance.
- NP119690.RAaKgRqh2xIvcVVIidkPW8I1__x1eC62ZsTZeBh7ZokiU130_assertion description "[GFAP expression correlates with cytoplasmic expression of wild-type p53 in human primary glioblastoma.]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119690.RAaKgRqh2xIvcVVIidkPW8I1__x1eC62ZsTZeBh7ZokiU130_provenance.
- NP119691.RAf38Jf9QyJv9g-MGHv693jtqPV9DZOgAxgS8yniaQ3PE130_assertion description "[Insulin-like growth factor receptor I mediates resistance to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor therapy in primary human glioblastoma cells through continued activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling.]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119691.RAf38Jf9QyJv9g-MGHv693jtqPV9DZOgAxgS8yniaQ3PE130_provenance.
- NP119698.RAZlIgJy9tPBEK_46v8uVpVgbhTAnCKTw3YbBGrnwjlMY130_assertion description "[an important role of PIKE gene aberrations in the molecular pathogenesis of primary glioblastomas ]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119698.RAZlIgJy9tPBEK_46v8uVpVgbhTAnCKTw3YbBGrnwjlMY130_provenance.
- NP119700.RASsWhFnerXiJ7x0orkCXzWj8uSRaKNdd7ePc1RGNRpMM130_assertion description "[results indicate that TN-C plays a role in angiogenesis and tumor cell proliferation in glioblastoma ]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119700.RASsWhFnerXiJ7x0orkCXzWj8uSRaKNdd7ePc1RGNRpMM130_provenance.
- NP119707.RAWN8xHfbuIGWqbCBxl9IChlCk5tW2qqg0ABaY2JMyUus130_assertion description "[Injection of mouse brains with VEGF-expressing cancer stem cells led to the massive expansion of vascular-rich glioblastoma multiform, tumor-associated hemorrhage, and high morbidity, suggesting that VEGF promoted tumorigenesis via angiogenesis.]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119707.RAWN8xHfbuIGWqbCBxl9IChlCk5tW2qqg0ABaY2JMyUus130_provenance.
- NP119708.RARBae-glyynT6_lx0TqaS6oOA4zd9h5Yn7GY1vJNIhtM130_assertion description "[induction in human glioblastoma cells by acidic extracellular pH via ERK1/2 MAPK signaling pathway ]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119708.RARBae-glyynT6_lx0TqaS6oOA4zd9h5Yn7GY1vJNIhtM130_provenance.
- NP119711.RAbEzrrK2_rcU3LOx8GrEC7Mmt_CYNy9uQ2naeV3OmCDk130_assertion description "[SHP-2/Gab1 association is critical for linking EGFR to NF-kappaB transcriptional activity via the PI3-kinase/Akt signaling axis in glioblastoma cells ]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119711.RAbEzrrK2_rcU3LOx8GrEC7Mmt_CYNy9uQ2naeV3OmCDk130_provenance.
- NP119713.RAchf0d8aL2tHChYcFMaftoT2g3H2BAyPy34TPriVLx_M130_assertion description "[Expression of aromatase may play a role in the growth of glioblastomas.]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119713.RAchf0d8aL2tHChYcFMaftoT2g3H2BAyPy34TPriVLx_M130_provenance.
- NP119721.RAVyKGjuTAXQlZ0WqwJ4qr1W-wNzCvBYOXO8EIwtwVND8130_assertion description "[TASK3 channels may possibly represent a novel molecular target for the treatment of human glioblastoma ]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119721.RAVyKGjuTAXQlZ0WqwJ4qr1W-wNzCvBYOXO8EIwtwVND8130_provenance.
- NP119731.RAXgF-CWFfLKbHLPXLUIE-HD8ghLKinyQmYBuWZWJYn9I130_assertion description "[Study observed no hypoxia-induced regulation of GAPDH expression in the 3 glioblastoma cell lines; also, GAPDH expression was similar in patient tumor samples of low-grade astrocytoma and glioblastoma, suggesting a lack of hypoxic regulation in vivo.]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119731.RAXgF-CWFfLKbHLPXLUIE-HD8ghLKinyQmYBuWZWJYn9I130_provenance.
- NP119735.RASWJNQaaW__3uTSOcY_naSpAPJ7Z0BwuYgHatJ43RZVo130_assertion description "[In mice, xenografts of human glioblastoma U87MG, which has decreased expression of ING4, grow significantly faster and have higher vascular volume fractions than control tumours ]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119735.RASWJNQaaW__3uTSOcY_naSpAPJ7Z0BwuYgHatJ43RZVo130_provenance.
- NP119742.RATqLTWKihIC1WJl6hn-80izQHolKgRmI88lNXFH-stow130_assertion description "[Hypermethylation of the proapoptotic gene TMS1 is associated with glioblastoma multiforme ]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119742.RATqLTWKihIC1WJl6hn-80izQHolKgRmI88lNXFH-stow130_provenance.
- NP119743.RAdeTGLRAc4aqsp-gGiYhYhEDQebazQurh3BfIzZ0jJI4130_assertion description "[CYP27B1 splice variants have roles in vitamin D (3) metabolism in human glioblastoma multiforme ]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119743.RAdeTGLRAc4aqsp-gGiYhYhEDQebazQurh3BfIzZ0jJI4130_provenance.
- NP119747.RAcTxgoXtKdb5M1sDqXSsTyDOu4RLWYRqI22lh9dY7a2E130_assertion description "[Loss of PTEN function is insufficient to adequately predict responsiveness to mTOR inhibitors in glioblastoma multiforme.]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119747.RAcTxgoXtKdb5M1sDqXSsTyDOu4RLWYRqI22lh9dY7a2E130_provenance.
- NP119754.RAbgmQ3huLikRC5D69uoK9nZQqfzjg3hZqiv7giwCU-XU130_assertion description "[Intense upregulation of AQP1 expression was found in all glioblastomas/of aquaporins in glioblastomas suggests pathologic role/AQP inhibition might be new therapeutic option for tumor-associated cerebral edema.]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119754.RAbgmQ3huLikRC5D69uoK9nZQqfzjg3hZqiv7giwCU-XU130_provenance.
- NP119755.RAZUyG8P1BxUVtu62SnUkaedQfMbliLH0buGPIE79Sr6w130_assertion description "[These studies suggest that glioma and glioblastoma exhibit robust upregulation of proinflammatory and neurodegenerative genetic markers beta-amyloid precursor protein.]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119755.RAZUyG8P1BxUVtu62SnUkaedQfMbliLH0buGPIE79Sr6w130_provenance.
- NP119757.RAQ5qwW1gnGWSBrwc8V0ne1KlJ0SN1K49J3kxLMOUCN4A130_assertion description "[Our findings suggest that TrkA activation in human glioblastomas might be beneficial therapeutically, especially as several of the currently used chemotherapeutics also induce autophagic cell death.]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119757.RAQ5qwW1gnGWSBrwc8V0ne1KlJ0SN1K49J3kxLMOUCN4A130_provenance.
- NP119759.RAcWxjxWT5N-NvKW3i8ELzsrZ2a9MVpZiuE7CGtQ-_HcE130_assertion description "[U87 glioblastoma cells transduced to express the epidermal growth factor receptor vIII (EGFRvIII) mutant do not respond toirrradiation with 26s proteasome inhibition.]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119759.RAcWxjxWT5N-NvKW3i8ELzsrZ2a9MVpZiuE7CGtQ-_HcE130_provenance.
- NP119761.RAQ-MzDSFBRLzJwqaYxRzF_lJlCgapIcsZd-fP7Ym00oI130_assertion description "[ARF4 participates in the regulation of glioblastoma apoptosis through the inhibition of stress-mediated apoptotic signals ]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119761.RAQ-MzDSFBRLzJwqaYxRzF_lJlCgapIcsZd-fP7Ym00oI130_provenance.
- NP119765.RAZ2CF-qR6ggYGe9pBQ92FTRNWtXXDFaSDbIjMdFHaqxk130_assertion description "[RNAi inhibits CPSB gene expression in a glioblastoma cell line.]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119765.RAZ2CF-qR6ggYGe9pBQ92FTRNWtXXDFaSDbIjMdFHaqxk130_provenance.
- NP119767.RAQnssKUm4RkKc9ZeBqOnpuSqvdOUIhFL-sqEYS8Y_zh4130_assertion description "[microRNA-7 (miR-7) is a potential tumor suppressor in glioblastoma targeting critical cancer pathways ]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119767.RAQnssKUm4RkKc9ZeBqOnpuSqvdOUIhFL-sqEYS8Y_zh4130_provenance.
- NP119773.RAVFn4pAjSrNbcmGmT8Pmkfx95QGiTSFAzPHKQ9vswW4w130_assertion description "[HOP may work as a tumor suppressor in a subset of glioblastomas; HOP function thus appears to be critical in the adult brain in a region of continued plasticity, and its deregulation may contribute to disease ]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119773.RAVFn4pAjSrNbcmGmT8Pmkfx95QGiTSFAzPHKQ9vswW4w130_provenance.
- NP119776.RAVfQtDmnn96FjEaBHN2OmUm2m50bnC_ebyQVP2aAHoGE130_assertion description "[RTQ-LDA and RTQ identified survivin as significantly over-expressed in dead-of-disease compared to long-term survival glioblastoma multiforme patients.]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119776.RAVfQtDmnn96FjEaBHN2OmUm2m50bnC_ebyQVP2aAHoGE130_provenance.
- NP119777.RAZc5CAZGa4OUYw8wZOHhpIQrcVlVQ_b1gTDN0K4rTdfM130_assertion description "[Expression in primary glioblastomas.]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119777.RAZc5CAZGa4OUYw8wZOHhpIQrcVlVQ_b1gTDN0K4rTdfM130_provenance.
- NP119778.RATuv2ThplQ_lVG7atVbi9Z8MB-nACyNFyhJibtEAURpE130_assertion description "[Survivin should accelerate tumorigenesis by inhibiting the anti-proliferative effect of p53 tumor suppressor that is activated by aurora B in normal and glioblastoma cells containing intact p53.]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119778.RATuv2ThplQ_lVG7atVbi9Z8MB-nACyNFyhJibtEAURpE130_provenance.
- NP119781.RASVQBggF3DcIu9K-abDmXF31I6uq56i83Lwsnbe0yE-4130_assertion description "[Data establish distinct roles for unmodified and chondroitin sulphate-modified protein in modulating a new NRP1-p130Cas (BCAR1) signalling pathway contributing to glioblastoma cell invasion.]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119781.RASVQBggF3DcIu9K-abDmXF31I6uq56i83Lwsnbe0yE-4130_provenance.
- NP119783.RAW8jGqX6qjAAhQ0kOLDrzwV3nn4z669b-Cu3NqYikjz4130_assertion description "[the methionine synthase polymorphism c.2756A > G alters susceptibility to glioblastoma multiforme ]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119783.RAW8jGqX6qjAAhQ0kOLDrzwV3nn4z669b-Cu3NqYikjz4130_provenance.
- NP119785.RAfvnVXLQDPNm-oVHdMCDpl1w1TescqqKSY74eymo0t-I130_assertion description "[these studies represent the first cDNA array analysis of the effects of LRRC4 on the involvement of different neurobiological genes in U251MG glioblastoma cells and provide new insights into the function of LRRC4 in glioma ]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119785.RAfvnVXLQDPNm-oVHdMCDpl1w1TescqqKSY74eymo0t-I130_provenance.
- NP119795.RARrz72tYNJa8wANVZyOWzHbPxv8_gHjdT2PiJWgWqIHM130_assertion description "[DNA hypomethylation is an important determinant of CD133 expression in glioblastomas, and this epigenetic event may be associated with the development of Brain tumor-initiating cells expressing CD133.]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119795.RARrz72tYNJa8wANVZyOWzHbPxv8_gHjdT2PiJWgWqIHM130_provenance.
- NP119797.RAcdHJuphqGBB3pEEbefgpZOPLW_dYptmIVV4OhmZm_H4130_assertion description "[Pyk2 plays a central role in the migratory behavior of glioblastomas ]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119797.RAcdHJuphqGBB3pEEbefgpZOPLW_dYptmIVV4OhmZm_H4130_provenance.
- NP119799.RAR8lR3Do7J_fAxOXl_Jc7eIi0eTOcljqd1EjeKWLG_WY130_assertion description "[Study shows a significant association between HER2 expression and the type of glioblastoma (GBM), with influence on survival rate/with low-HER2 expression are more likely to be secondary GBM, carrying a better prognosis than de novo GBM.]. Sentence from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine." NP119799.RAR8lR3Do7J_fAxOXl_Jc7eIi0eTOcljqd1EjeKWLG_WY130_provenance.