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- _4 wasQuotedFrom 16020439 provenance.
- _4 value "TNF-alpha mediates insulin resistance via serine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate (IRS-1) in skeletal muscle, which inhibits the ability of insulin to stimulate GLUT-4 translocation to the cell membrane and therefore reduces glucose uptake (43). Conversely, inhibition of TNF-alpha results in increased insulin-stimulated IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation (10, 43). The ability of TNF-alpha to serine phosphorylate IRS-1 may be mediated via diacylglycerol (DAG). Incubating intact rat skeletal muscle strips with TNF-alpha significantly increased palmitate incorporation into DAG (7). This is important because DAGs are known activators of conventional and novel protein kinase C isoforms that serine phosphorylate, and thus inhibit, IRS-1." provenance.