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- _5 value "E2F up-regulates expression of genes involved in DNA replication, DNA repair and mitosis We use DNA microarrays and cell lines containing either inducible E2F-1 or inducible E2F-3 to identify novel E2F target genes. Our data demonstrate that E2F up-regulates the expression of tens of genes not previously described as E2F target genes. Many of these novel E2F-regulated genes code for components of the DNA replication machinery. Among them are the genes coding for replication protein A (RPA). RPA is the most abundant ssDNA binding protein in eukaryotic cells and it plays an essential role in DNA replication. It is a heterotrimer composed of 70kDa (RPA1), 32kDa (RPA2) and 14kDa (RPA 3) subunits and our data show that expression of the genes, coding for these three subunits, is up-regulated by E2F. The regulation of the RPA2 gene was studied in greater detail and we show that it is directly regulated by E2F via E2F-binding sites in its promoter." provenance.