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- _3 value "Precapilary sphincters and met-arterioles often open and close cyclically several times per minute with the duration of the open phases being proportional to the metabolic needs of the tissues for oxygen. the cyclical opening and closing is called vasomotion. (decreased sphincter contractions due to nutrient/oxygen deprivation would cause the open phase of the cycle to increase, leading to increased blood flow to the tissue - Dexter Pratt 12/14/04) In the brain, in addition to control of blood flow by tissue oxygen concentration, the concentrations of carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions play very prominent roles. An increase of either of these dilates the cerebral vessels and allows rapid washout of the excess carbon dioxide or hydrogen ions Rapid flow of blood through the arteries and artrioles causes shear stress on the endothelial cells because of viscous drag of the blood against the vascular walls. This stress contorts the endothelial cells in the direction of the flow and causes greatly increased release of nitric oxide. The nitric oxide then relaxes the local arterial wall, causing it to dilate. ...it causes a secondary increase also in the dimensions of the upstream large arterial blood vessels..." provenance.