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- _4 wasQuotedFrom 12967676 provenance.
- _4 value "Throughout evolution, pathogen-induced stimulation of the innate immune system relies on numerous conserved Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which initiate intracellular signaling cascades that subsequently activate the transcription factors NF-B and AP-1 [43 and 44]. NF-B controls a wide variety of immune-inducible antimicrobial molecules, including ROS and RNS, as well as cytokines and co-stimulatory molecules [45]. Binding sites for NF-B and AP-1, as well as for response elements for cytokines, have been identified in the 5' UTR (untranslated region) of the human XOR gene and both NF-B and XOR are stimulated by bacterial lipopolysaccharids (LPS) in vivo [28, 46 and 47]. This suggests that XOR is a downstream target of the TLR-NF-B pathway and is directly activated by NF-B and AP-1." provenance.