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- _4 value "Consequently, we suggest intensive cross talk between XOR, the TLR-NF-B pathway and the transcription factors NF-B and AP-1. 4. XOR participates in systemic protection and detoxification XOR activity and uric acid are generally found in the blood plasma of many mammalian species and levels are particularly high during numerous disease states [5]. XOR might participate in the systemic antimicrobial response of the innate immune system by providing an oxidative defense mechanism in the blood. XOR is reported to have a defense role in meningitis, malaria and in trypanosomiasis [15, 52 and 53]. Serum XOR is predominantly in the XO form, as a result of serum proteases [54]. XOR and the synthesis of ROS have also been implicated in the activation of the complement system, an important feature of the systemic innate immune system [55 and 56]." provenance.