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- _5 wasQuotedFrom 21709535 provenance.
- _5 value "Class I PI3K, a heterodimer consisting of a regulatory and a catalytic subunit, is a negative regulator of autophagy that is activated by the insulin receptor and the insulin receptor substrate proteins. Activated class I PI3K mainly uses PtdIns(4,5)P2 as substrate to yield PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 at the plasma membrane, which increases membrane recruitment of both PKB/Akt and its activator phosphoinositide- dependent protein kinase 1, leading to the activation of PKB/Akt, a downstream negative regulator of autophagy. Activated PKB/Akt further activates mTOR through inhibiting a downstream protein complex, the tuberous sclerosis complex 1/2, that represses the small G protein Rheb, causing inhibition of autophagy." provenance.