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- _6 value "cholesterol-mediated transcriptional regulation in HMG CoA reductase parallels with HMG CoA synthase1, HMG CoA synthase2, farnesyl-PP synthase and squalene epoxidase the cholesterol-regulated genes have sterol reguatory elements, SREs, which are conditional postivite elements that are required for gene transcription in cholesterol-depleted cells SREs have been identified in the promoter regions of HMG CoA synthase, HMG CoA reductase, farnesyl-PP synthase, and squalene synthase genes Srebf1 and Srebf2 are the transcription factors that bind the SREs within the genes Srebf consists of Srebf1a, Srebf1c and Srebf2 Srebf precursor is synthesized when cholesterol levels are low and then inserted into ER membrane Srebf precursor form associates with SCAP in ER membrane, SCAP escorts Srebf into Golgi when cholesterol levels are low, presence of oxysterols suppresses Srebf and SCAP complex from entering into Golgi in Golgi Srebf precursor cleaved at site 1 by a subtilin-like protease, then cleaved at site 2 by a zinc metalloprotease, Srebf no longer associated with SCAP after these 2 cleavages Srebf is in the activated form to function as a transcription factor mature Srebf1a, Srebf1c and Srebf2 are translocated to the nucleus, binds SRE sequences within promoters of target genes, enhances their transcription" provenance.